Prevalence and Factors of Renal Prognosis of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Senegalese Patients

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease and to determine the factors of poor renal prognosis at 3 months in the nephrology and internal medicine departments of El Hadji Amadou Sakhir Ndieguène hospital in Thies.

Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, including diabetic patients, carried out during the period from January 1, 2016 to April 30, 2019 in the nephrology and internal medicine departments of El Hadji Amadou Sakhir Ndieguene hospital in Thies. The diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease was retained according to the criteria of Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 1.26 g/L confirmed by a second lab dosage.

Results: We included 106 patients with diabetic kidney disease out of 639 diabetic patients, representing a hospital prevalence of 16.58%. The mean age was 60.87 years. The sex ratio was 0.71. Hypertension was found in 81.13% of patients. The mean glycated hemoglobin was 9.50% ± 3.05. Micro albuminuria was noted in 36.80% of patients. Nephrotic proteinuria was found in 20.80% of patients. Chronic renal failure was found in 74.50% of patients, of which 19.80 % were to end-stage renal disease. The factors of poor renal prognosis after 3 months of follow-up were hypertension (p = 0.022) and nephrotic proteinuria (p = 0.037).

Conclusion: Diabetic kidney disease was relatively common in our patients. Hypertension and nephrotic proteinuria were factors of poor renal prognosis at 3 months.

Keywords: diabetic kidney disease, hypertension, nephrotic proteinuria.